surfresearch.com.au  patteson : norfolk island, 1862

Norfolk Island was previously a penal settlement established to disipline recalcitrant convicts from Port Jackson (Sydney), but was now the home to some of the Bounty descendants, who were relocated there in 1856 from Pitcairn Island.
These descendants where the progeny of European sailors and Tahitian women who on Pitcairn retained surfboard riding as part of their Polynesian heritage and brought their skills to Norfolk Island.

Although the book does not have a accredited author, it was probably by Charlotte Mary Yonge, an enthusiastic moral and financial supporter of Patteson's evangelical work, and largely based on his correspondence.

Also see:
1862 J.C. Patteson : Santa Cruz Islands.
Extracts from Charlotte Mary Yonge: Life of John Coleridge Patteson. Macmillan, London,1875, Volume 1.

"Patteson" gives a brief overview of the Norfolk residents, in particular noting their enthusiasm for surfboard riding that was originally transfered from Tahiti (predominately by females) to Pitcairn Island.
Importantly this confirms Ramsay's report (see below) that the Pitcairn boards, now transported to or replicated on Norfolk Island have "a small keel", significantly preceding the adoption of the surfboard fin by Tom Blake in 1935.

The footnote quoting Mrs. Selwyn, the wife of Patteson's mentor, the Bishop of New Zealand, is a far more personal account.
It was published earlier in:
Halcombe, Rev. J.J. (editor): Mission Life- or The Emmigrant and the Heathen.
William MacIntosh, 24 Paternoster Row, London,  1868 (Volume 5), page 562.
The revelant section is:
The Melanasian Mission, page 519.
August 1868
CHAPTER XIII, Mrs. Selwyn's Visit to Norfolk Island.

The surfboard riding illustration opposite page 64 is extremely rare for this period and is highly similar to the work of Wallace McKay, who also illustrated Charles Warren Stoddard's Summer Cruising in the South Seas, 1874.

Surfboard riding on Pitcairn Island was documented by two visitors, see Source Documents:

1821 Dr David Ramsay : Surfriding on Pitcairn Island.
and
1834 Frederick Bennett : Surfing on Pitcairn Island.

In the summer of 1911-1912:

"The North Steyne Club has forwarded for confirmation to the Surf Bather's Association a programme for the club's annual carnival.
Fifteen life-saving clubs will be represented, and an exhibition of surf-shooting by Mr. L. Bouffett, of
Norfolk Island will be given."

- Sydney Morning Herald, 1 December 1912, page 12.
(Noted in S&G Champion: Drowning, Bathing and Life Saving (2000) page 159.)

Mr. Bouffett was probably a descendant of John Buffett who arrived on Pitcairn Island in December, 1823 on  the British whaler, Cyrus.
The Pitcairn islanders, largely decenced from Bounty mutineers and Tahitian women, were renowned surfriders.

It may not be amiss here to say a few words about the condition of the Norfolk Islanders at this time. The favourite occupation of the men was whaling, and galloping after their cattle, varied with work in their gardens and plantations.
The women were chiefly occupied in attending to their dairies, and sewing for their numerous families.
All were fond of reading, and anxious to gather information of the world and its history.
Both sexes were extremely industrious, usually rising at dawn.
Both morning and evening each household assembled for family prayer.
Both boys and girls learned to swim almost as soon as they could walk; consequently they could swim through the roughest surf, and play about in the broken water amongst rocks, without the slightest sense of danger.
One of their great amusements is to have a ...

Page 64

... slide, as they term it; that is, to take a piece of wood about three feet long, shaped like a canoe, with a small keel, called a surf-board.
Holding this before them, they dive under the first heavy sea, and come up on the other side.
They then swim out a little way, until they see a rapid, heavy sea come rolling in, the higher the better; resting their breast upon the surf-board, they are carried along on the very apex of the surf at a prodigious rate right upon the rocks, where it would seem as if nothing could save them from being dashed in pieces.*

(Footnote, originally in diminished font)
Mrs. Selwyn's observations are dated August 1868 in Halcombe (ed): Mission Life (1868), page 562, see above.

*Describing a visit to Norfolk Island, Mrs. Selwyn says:
"Coming home one beautiful evening, I met some girls going down to the jetty to see fish which had been caught this calm day.
It was a pretty sight indeed, in the brief twilight, the gay-looking fish lying on the stones in the water, where the great waves were not rolling furiously in, coloured by the glowing sky.
Some of my companions longed to jump in.
'What! into those great breakers?'
'That's the fun,' whispered a young girl at my side.
At Pitcairn, it seems, the' fun' was to swim out to sea, pushing a surf-board before you, and then to come quickly back with it on the top of a huge roller.

" 'You can swim ?' asked a delicate-looking young mother of me, as we stood together; and when I owned my ignorance, the compassionate, half-contemptuous tone of her reply was very funny.
Men, women, and children here take to the water like so many ducks.
The girls think it a great pity that I, who am 'such a seafaring lady,' do not know how, and offer to teach me.
'You would soon learn from me,' said a noble-looking creature, reported, I believe justly, to be the best swimmer of the party.
These fine days promote a great desire for bathing.
It would be pleasant before the sun was so hot as to blister them, which it seems it did dreadfully at Pitcairn in the Christmas holidays, and no wonder, as they were chiefly spent in the water. Fortunately they were short, as for six hours at a time would these mermaids remain in, with their surf-boards, swimming races.
The great piece of fun was for one to keep possession of a rock in the middle of Bounty Bay, whence the rest would try to pull her down, and whence she would fling them off into the water.
It sounded most cool and brilliant, and as if they ought all to have been named 'Undine.'
A Christmas-tree would be rather poor after this sport."

(Facing) Page 64

Surf-Swimming. This surfboard riding image, opposite page 64, is extremely rare for this period and is highly  similar to the work of Wallace McKay. See: Surfing Images 1870 - 1890.

Patteson, J.C.  (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge):  Sketches of the Life of Bishop Patteson in Melanesia.  "A Revised Edition of "The Life of Bishop Patteson." Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, 1873.

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